SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY IN CHAMCHAMAL (DWBRA VALLEY OPEN DUMP), SULAIMANI, KURDISTAN REGION.
 Chrakhan R. Rashid

 General Science Department, College of Education and Natural Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal/Sulaimani- Kurdistan Region-Iraq.  Jamila J. Tahir  Omed M. Mustafa

Waste is any undesired materials around. Municipal solid waste is a category of waste that has an enormous volume. Therefore, some techniques are needed to deal with this huge amount. There are particular methods to manage the unwanted wastes. Dumping (open dump), landfill, incineration, recycling, and compaction are the most well-known ones worldwide. In case of mismanagement of solid waste, many risks can be possible. Environmentally, water, air and soils are likely to be deteriorated. Then, human and animal health could also be harmed by the trash, despite of spreading and increasing the number of some animals such as birds, rats and insects in the area. Finally, visual pollutions are of the major risks in the region.Dwbra Valley open dump in Chamchamal town represents the case study was taken to show the city garbage concerns and how to manage it. Here, the compaction and open dumping methods are used to manage the waste of Chamchamal town. The open dump has many risks to the environment, health, and despite the fact that visually, affected the region. A recyclingtechnique is very close to be established for the dump to minimize its risk. This study outlines this waste dump as a point source of pollution and emphasizes the solution for the endangered area and its surround area.

Solid waste management, Chamchamal, Dwbra Valley, Pollution, open dump, point source.

[1] Ejaz, N., Aktar, N., Nisar, H. & Ali Naeem, U., 2010. Environmental impacts of improper solid waste management in developing countries: a case study of Rawalpinidi City. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 142, pp.379 – 387.

[2] Sankoh, F.P., Yan, X. and Tran, Q., 2013. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in developing cities: a case study of granville brook dumpsite, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013.

[3] Khajuria, A., Yamamoto, Y. & Morioka, T., 2010. Estimation of municipal solid waste generation and landfill area in Asian developing countries. , 31[September], pp.649–654.

[4] Triassi, M., Alfano, R., Illario, M., Nardone, A., Caporale, O. and Montuori, P., 2015. Environmental pollution from illegal waste disposal and health effects: A review on the “Triangle

of Death”. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12[2], pp.1216-1236.

[5] Pervez, A., & Kafeel, A., 2013, Impact of solid waste on health and the environment. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Green Economics [IJSDGE], ISSN No.: 2315-4721, V-2, I-1, 2, pp 165-168.

[6] Isa, M. H. [2005]. Solid waste collection and recycling in Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia: a case study. Waste Management & Research, 23[6], 565–570. doi:10.1177/0734242X05059803

[7] Bari, Q. H., Hassan, K. M., & Haque, R. [2012]. Scenario of solid waste reuse in Khulna city of Bangladesh. Waste Management, 32[12], 2526–2534. doi:10.1016/j.wasman. 2012.07.001

[8] Mhammed Aziz. F. W., 2011. The geographical analysis about the stages of urban expansion of Chamchamal City. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Education, University of Mosul.

[9] Omer, N. M. 2012. Hydrogeology and Geoelectrical studies of Groundwater in Parts of Chamchamal Area, Kurdistan Region, NE-Iraq. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis. College of Science,

University of Sulaiamni, 144P.

[10] Frick, J., Kaiser, F. G., & Wilson, M. 2004. Environmental knowledge and conservation behavior: exploring prevalence and structure in a representative sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 37[8], 1597–1613. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.015.

[11] Mobley, C., Vagias, W. M., & DeWard, S. L. 2009. Exploring Additional Determinants of Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Influence of Environmental Literature and Environmental Attitudes. Environment and Behavior, 42[4], 420–447.

[12] Fraj-andrés, E., & Martínez-salinas, E. 2008. Journal of International Consumer Marketing Impact of Environmental Knowledge on Ecological Consumer Behaviour Impact of

Environmental Knowledge on Ecological Consumer Behaviour : An Empirical Analysis, [March 2014], 37–41. doi:10.1300/J046v19n03.

[13] Jassim , S.Z. and Goff .J .C [eds.], 2006 . Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague and Moravian 219 Museum , Brno . 341P.

[14] Stevanovic, Z. and Markovic,M. ,2004. Hydrogeology of Northern Iraq.Vol.2, General Hydrogeology and Aquifer Systems. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,

Rome.246 P.

[15] Karim, K. Ahmed, K. 2011. Geology of Iraq:Basic Principles.

View All Artical